Rescuing the pheasant-tailed Jacana
In light of all this, in 1998 the 18 bird-watching societies on Taiwan and Wetlands Taiwan established a rescue committee for the pheasant-tailed jacana, joining hands to work on the jacana's behalf. They also set up a bank account for donations and began working on finding a new home for the birds. Ultimately they persuaded the Tainan County Government to rent 15 hectares of sugar cane fields in Kuantien Township, the jacana's original habitat, and turn it into ponds of various sizes to restore their roosting grounds; and also to commission several groups, including the Tainan City birdwatching society, to take over long-term management of the area. Rent and operating expenses would be shared by the Ministry of Transportation and Communications, the Bureau of Taiwan High Speed Rail, and the Taiwan High Speed Rail Corporation.
"Going from zero to a definite population in the rehabilitation area was the result of our feeling our way ahead step by step," points out Wu Jen-pang, the researcher in charge of managing the habitat. What aquatic plants should be planted in the ponds, and the effect of water levels on vegetation and fish ecology are all interrelated, complex questions. Researchers have made periodic trips to China and Thailand to investigate the jacana's natural habitat and make long-term observations allowing them to create a more appropriate habitat for the jacanas.
After several years of accumulating experience, a diverse ecology has been created in the rehabilitation area. Since 2003, the number of jacanas in the Kuantien area has been at more than 200. Looking out from the observation wall in the rehabilitation area, the pheasant-tailed jacana, with its gorgeous feathers and slim and graceful body, is easily seen wandering among the water caltrop leaves. In the marshes the moorhens take their leisure and numerous shorebirds wade in the water searching for food. It is a scene that teems with life, and in the spring the male jacanas can be seen taking their fledgling chicks on walks. The jacanas are among the small number of birds with a "matriarchal" family structure. Not only does one female have several mates, the males sit on the eggs and raise the chicks.
Wu Jen-pang says that previously Kuantien water caltrop farmers sprayed their crop with pesticides to kill off the moorhens and jacanas that fed on the caltrops, and the jacanas as well as other birds were affected. Later on, in order to encourage farmers to conserve these beautiful guests in their fields, the county government offered a reward every time a farmer would discover a jacana nest and a hatched chick. In recent years, after simplifying the procedures, applications for rewards from farmers have increased tremendously.
Although in recent years the treatment of Taiwan's bird population has shown clear improvement as a result of the spread of ecological consciousness, "land reclamation, river pollution and the neglect of wetlands have not really stopped," says Fang Woei-horng, vice president of the Wild Bird Federation, Taiwan and deputy chairman of BirdLife International, Asia Division. "Development" and "conservation" are locked in a long-term, seesaw struggle. The birding community in recent years has introduced the concept of the "important bird area" (IBA) popular internationally, has mapped out 53 IBAs in habitats classified as high elevation, low elevation, wetland, coastal, estuary and island and has sought recognition for this scheme from BirdLife International.
Fang Woei-horng says that IBA criteria are 1) endemic species, 2) degree of threat to survival and 3) population. Although at present only areas that overlap with the national parks and wildlife sanctuaries are protected by law, the announcement and promotion of the importance of the IBA concept will benefit the promotion of sanctuaries in the future. Fang says the second step for the birding community will be to work hard at promoting IBAs and having them listed as sanctuaries and on the basis of IBAs to pull together local interest groups to work together to protect bird habitats. Those in the birding community sincerely hope that if the IBA idea, mankind's well-intentioned response to the plight of their feathered friends, can call forth a sympathetic reaction from large numbers of people, then it will be possible that each spring and fall the sight and sounds of birds will fill the air and Taiwan will become a birdwatching paradise.
Ranked as "extremely endangered" by BirdLife International, the Chinese crested tern has appeared on Matsu in recent years. The local government and residents have gotten very deeply and carefully involved in conservation work.
The jacana's foot can open to a length of 15 centimeters and is helpful in distributing its weight so it can walk on the floating vegetation.
This water caltrop pool offers a safe refuge in Kuantien to the once endangered pheasant-tailed jacana.
Taking the work boat around Tainan's Ssutsao Wildlife Sanctuary you can appreciate the waters and mangroves on either side, and from the birdwatching hide you can also get a look at the many birds that live there.
Every year the black-faced spoonbills gracefully fly in to the Tsengwen estuary in Tainan following their long journey from the cold north. Their elegant figures enliven the Taiwan seascape.
Crashing waves and high rocky reefs are the resting places for many gulls. A frequently seen summer bird--the tern--often constructs its nest on the island's cliffs or on the ground. The picture shows young terns on an uninhabited island of the Penghu group.