Frozen in time
Tsang Chen-hwa of the Academia Sinica notes that most people assess the value of a sunken ship by the treasure aboard. But from a historical point of view, every object surrounding a wreck--from the largest (the hull, cargo) to the smallest (porcelain cups, bits of wood, even seeds and spices)--as well as the location and function of every item, all are valuable historical threads to be followed. "History is frozen in time in a sunken ship," is how he describes it. These threads can compensate for gaps in our knowledge of navigation, trade, shipbuilding, and handicrafts left behind by inadequacies in the documentary record. Herein lies the true significance of a sunken ship.
How do the things Huang Chia-chin has found in Penghu measure up in terms of their value as historic artifacts? Specialists have determined that most porcelain objects date to the Ming and Qing periods; although some pieces resemble Song porcelain, these are probably imitations made in the Ming dynasty. As for the copper strips, some experts argue that the exceptional purity of the metal indicates that they are of the same type imported from Japan into China in those days.
Despite all this, argues Tsang Chen-hwa, no reasonable assessment of the find's value can be based on only a few artifacts. On the other hand, it would be a great boost for Taiwan's heretofore-backward undersea archaeology techniques to undertake salvage operations on the ships.
National Taiwan University history professor Tsao Yung-ho suggests that perhaps future exploration not only of the Penghu ships but of other wrecks as well will settle several long-standing controversies within the community of historians. For example, did trading vessels go through Penghu on a large scale as early as the northern Sung dynasty, before the earliest records of such trading? Chen Hsin-hisung, an associate professor of history at National Chengkung University, adds that though many Ming and Qing ships have already been uncovered in the seas around Asia, it would be historically significant if Sung or Yuan era ships could be recovered from around Penghu.
Obviously, the revelation that there are sunken ships off of Penghu is only one clue in understanding mysteries that stretch far back into history. And it was also only the first act in a drama that continues to unfold day by day....
[Picture Caption]
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A diver found this Qing dynasty wreck by following up on a local legend. You can see wood pieces from the bottom of the ship buried in the sand. The finder has not divulged the location of his discovery. (photo courtesy of Steve Shieh)
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(left) A display of porcelain and coins recovered from sunken ships in Penghu.
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(right) A great quantity of Yue kiln potsherds (dating back to the 10th century) have been found in Penghu. Some specialists think they may come from shipwrecks.
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The Distribution of Old Sunken Ships in Asia
1. An ancient sunken ship was discovered in Bohai Bay in mainland China.
2. A Chinese Yuan dynasty merchant ship was salvaged off the Korean coast.
3. The PRC passenger ship Peace went down off Fujian in 1948.
4. A Japanese ship (1945)
5. The Quanzhou, China (1277)
6. The Geldermalson, Holland (1751)
7. A 17th century Chinese ship, the Ving Tau, was discovered off Vietnam.
8. Salvage experts found a 16th century vessel of unknown nationality here.
9. A Thai Ship (1600)
10. A Dutch Ship (1727)
11. A Portuguese ship (1512)
12. The San Jose, Portugal (1694)
13. The San Diego, Spain (1654)
14. A 16th century ship was discovered off the Philippines.
15. Three old ships were discovered off the Philippines.
16. The Griffin, Britain (1761)
source: Yazhou Zhoukan, Sinorama
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Archaeologists believe that shell tombs found at the Suokang site in Penghu indicate human activity four to five thousand years ago.
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Global Maritime Trade Routes of the 19th Century
Map: Lee Su-lign
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Ships from the Song dynasty plied distant seas like those in Southeast Asia. Records indicate that vessels such as these reached the Persian Gulf. The photo is of a model copied from a wreck found near Quanzhou, in Fujian.
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It is rumored that this stone commemorating an English ship's captain lost at sea was brought over from Hong Kong.
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"The Twelve Lordly Guests" Temple faces out to sea; one can feel the sense of desolation associated with death at sea far away from one's home.
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Sunken ship discoverer Huang Chia-chin says he is interested in neither fame nor fortune, but only wants to do all he can for local culture. (photo by Li Chih-wei)
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One can often see ships run aground in the waters around Chipei Island in Penghu. This foreign vessel crashed into a coral reef nearly a year ago; the hulk still awaits shipbreakers to take care of it.
One can often see ships run aground in the waters around Chipei Island in Penghu. This foreign vessel crashed into a coral reef nearly a year ago; the hulk still awaits shipbreakers to take care of it.