This ancient art has been revived in the Republic of China on Taiwan. The main pottery center is at Peitou, a sulfur spring area just north of Taipei, where the most reputed maker is the Chinese Ceramic Arts Co., which has established a showroom for tourists and prospective buyers. The company employ several hundred artists, most of them college graduates. The production process includes shaping, mold-making, casting and forming, slip-making, painting and firing. Perhaps the most difficult job is shaping, which must be done by senior artists. Vases, pots, cups, bowls, tea sets and ceramic stools are made with the potter's wheel, whose operation with the most consummate skill takes 20 years of experience. Most of the products are painted, with landscapes and flowers being the principal themes. The designs are full of symbolism. Peaches, cranes, and pine trees stand for longevity, peonies for happiness; while a pair of Mandarin ducks connotes conjugal bliss. Some of the products are carved with holes, particularly lamps, which need them to let the light shine through. The kilns are heated with gas, and the green ware needs 21 to 24 hours of firing in a temperature of 1300℃. Currently, Taiwan has more than 100 ceramic manufacturers with annual exports reaching US$30 million.
Some physical changes may occur during firing and this may add artistic value to the product. Faulty glazing presumably accounted for the first crackled ware of China but this fault was transformed into a virtue. Taiwan potters now can control the cracking by immediate cooling after firing. The ware crackles because the inflation rates of the clay and the glaze are different. But it is still impossible to produce two vases with identical patterns. Some crackles are in the pattern of a spider's web; others may closely resemble fish scales. The piece de resistance of the Chinese Ceramic Arts Co. is a reproduction of a Tang tri-color horse. This is so successful that most people cannot tell the difference between the original and a reproduction, which both look as if they have been buried for a thousand years. The company's tri-color saddled horse is produced in different sizes. The meter-high version sells at US$1500 and is in great demand. Other tri-color products include animals and figurines, all of which are based on masterpieces in the Palace Museum.
Blue-and-white ware was made possible in the Ming dynasty by the discovery of a cobalt blue that could survive the high temperature required for underglaze coloring. At that time, the blue pigment was imported from the Middle East, because it emerged more brilliantly than was possible with the rather muddy Chinese cobalt. Brilliance of color was not the only reason for the popularity of Ming bule porcelain. Spontaneity and creative artistry was reflected in the designs. Flowers and birds are the best known patterns, but Ming blue and whites displayed whole scenes from legends and history. The Ming blue-and-white products of the Chinese Ceramic Co. are of high quality. In addition to cobalt, the company adds iron and manganese to the glaze to eliminate a purple cast.