Turning feathers into gold
The down and feather industry could be described as a form of highly skilled recycling.
According to the Ministry of Finance, in 2012 Taiwan imported 21,646 metric tons of semi-processed down and feathers, and exported 11,163 metric tons of finished (fully processed) down and feathers. The imports and exports were valued at US$180 million and US$229 million respectively. When you account for the difference in unit price, the amount of value added to finished down is 140%. The industry is like an alchemist of yore, turning stone into gold.
Jiang Wenquan, poultry industry section chief at the Council of Agriculture (COA), points out that processing can substantially raise the economic value of down and feathers. In essence, the processing can be divided into three steps: cleaning, grading and mixing. And cleaning can be further divided into preliminary and secondary cleanings.
The preliminary cleaning takes the unprocessed down and feathers and cleans them of foreign matter. The sand, dust and blood mixed in with the down and feathers must be washed out, and then the semi-processed down and feathers must be dried within a couple of days in order to ensure that they don’t rot from moisture. Imports to Taiwan are all semi-processed, with the preliminary cleaning performed in their place of origin.
The stages from the secondary cleaning to the high-temperature sterilization are integrated and mechanized operations at which Taiwan excels. Specialized agents are used to purify and deodorize the down. After about eight cycles of rinsing in water, the down is then spin-dried, then air-dried at 130°C. By that point, all the dust, dirt, odors and germs have been eliminated. It’s important to precisely control the drying time, because too little or too much could affect the shine, flexibility and “loft” of the down and feathers.
Separating down and feathers, on the other hand, is a semi-mechanized process. It makes use of the science of fluid dynamics: The process employs sorting machines which can exceed 10 meters in height, and which allow one to adjust the quantity and speed of airflow so as to separate clumps of mixed down and feathers into different grades based on how far they float before falling into chambers partitioned with wood. These machines are key to controlling quality and cost.
Mixing is carried out only after the down and feathers have first been sorted and inspected, and it’s done to meet the ratio of down to feathers requested by the client.
The “shells” of down comforters should be densely woven to keep the down from escaping. With a baffled box construction, walls are sewn into the interior seams. These prevent clumping and allow the down to reach its maximum “loft,” thus increasing warmth.