Done to a T
Top-quality Tungting oolong tea has long been synonymous with elegance and quality. Tea farmer Lin Ching-liang, who won the top prize for special grade spring tea from Luku in 2000, says: "In order to produce special grade tea, every step in the process must be flawless. If your technique is even a little off, you will lose the fragrance and flavor. The thing about special grade tea is that even after the leaves have been brewed, they still retain a natural floral fragrance."
Generally speaking, there are more than ten complicated steps in the process of making tea. First leaves are picked (also called "plucking") and then they are "withered" or "wilted," (spread out to dry, either outdoors under the sun or indoors). These steps are followed by shajing, shaping (by kneading), preliminary drying, heat shaping, redrying... and even after all that you've only completed the crude tea. Thereafter it must be inspected, graded, cured, and packaged in order to be ready for supplying the market.
Shajing-the term in Chinese means "to kill the flowering"-is the most critical step. After being sun-dried and moved onto large bamboo frames indoors, the tealeaves then begin to ferment. When they have reached the intensely flavorful stage, it is necessary to quickly heat them (such as by pan-drying) to stop the fermentation process and keep the flavor from escaping. (It is this partial fermentation that distinguishes oolong tea from green tea, which is unfermented, and black tea, which is fully fermented.)
"As the tealeaves are fermenting, the flavor is constantly changing," explains Lin Ching-liang. At this time everything depends on the nose and experience of the tea farmer in order to control the aroma of the tea. Tealeaves that have completed the shajing step are then placed into the shaping machine and pressed, and then are re-shaped. This process must be repeated more than 40 times, and is vital to producing superior tea. In order to keep his olfactory sense in peak form, six years ago Lin Ching-liang began taking a morning swim every day in order to whip his cardio-pulmonary system into shape.
Kuo Kuan-fu, who has served as presiding judge in numerous tea competitions, says that the degree of fermentation of Tungting oolong tea is between 15 and 25%. The manufacturing process is similar to that of Wenshan paochong tea. However, in making Wenshan paochong the emphasis is placed on a clear light fragrance, and the tealeaves are long and rough in appearance. For Tungting tea, on the other hand, as a result of different techniques used during the shaping and curing, the tea leaves are rolled up, curved, and neat-looking, the tea has a very clear golden-yellow color, and the brewed tea is richer in fragrance and color then Wenshan paochong. Tungting holds its flavor longer through brewing, keeps longer in storage, is more mouth-watering to the palate, is fuller in flavor, and leaves a stronger and more long-lasting sensation as it passes down the throat.
Tea aficionados compare Wenshan paochong to "a graceful orchid." Tungting oolong, on the other hand, because the tea sprouts are soft and plump, and the brewed tea has a more robust dark green color, a richer fragrance, and a more full-bodied flavor, is likened to a newly married woman, mature yet tender and delicate.
The Taiwan Art of Tea exhibition, opening in late April and organized by Luku Rural Township, greets guests with delicious tea and low-fat meals made using local delicacies like bamboo and mountain celery.