Decoding plants
Wang Sheng-yang is a professor of forestry at National Chung Hsing University (NCHU). With its wood-paneled walls, his office looks like a log cabin in a forest. Many entrepreneurs have asked Wang to ascertain the composition of chemical compounds in Taiwanese plants in order to explore their commercial potential. Specializing in natural products chemistry and plant metabolomics, Wang is the first scientist in Taiwan to sample woodland air and analyze the phytoncides it contains in his laboratory. “Taiwan is a hotspot for biodiversity. One out of four plants is endemic. ‘Endemic’ means you can’t find it anywhere else in the world,” Wang says. His Tree Metabonomic Natural Medicine Development Lab at NCHU is full of expensive equipment, including a gas chromatography mass spectrometer, a nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometer, and a liquid chromatography mass spectrometer. These devices have enabled Wang and his team to analyze natural substances extracted from plants and investigate their functions and benefits with a view to commercial exploitation. The Forestry Bureau has also enlisted Wang’s help in setting up a certification laboratory, aiming to establish standards for domestically produced essential oils.
“In my lab, my students and research assistants carry out various experiments—massaging, rubbing, or simply smelling—to see whether essential oils can affect heart rates, blood pressure, brain waves, and amylase.” Businesses are particularly interested to know whether plant-based essential oils can help tighten and lighten skin. The results of Wang’s experiments are very encouraging.
In 2020 Wang discovered that geranium and lemon oils contain active compounds that can significantly downregulate angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 in human epithelial cells. The findings suggest that the oils could help reduce the risk of Covid infection. It is no secret that the Luanta fir (Cunninghamia konishii) has antifungal properties. Wang’s team applied Luanta fir essential oil to the depilated skin of lab mice for a period of 14 weeks, and found that it promoted hair growth. The 4,000 bottles of Luanta fir shampoo produced by Wang sold out almost immediately. The Japanese are especially passionate about this tree: not only is it antifungal and good for hair growth, but it also enables body cells to produce gas, thus addressing what is known as “qi deficiency” in traditional Chinese medicine, as well as alleviating depressive moods.
Flavonoids extracted from the waste peel of the lemons and mandarin oranges grown on a large scale in Pingtung County can be made into high-end health and medical products. The aromas of essential oils of shell ginger (Alpinia spp.) are calming and can lighten the skin. A former student of Wang’s has developed Alpinia facial masks for cosmetic purposes, successfully creating a commercial product.
“Without chopping down trees, can we use leaves, or branches removed during the process of thinning, to generate profits and other gains for forest farmers?” With concepts such as the circular economy and sustainability gaining traction now, Wang, who dislikes tree felling, is seeking to help forest farmers by means of scientific research and standardization. “In the context of timber stand improvement or forest management, how do we make good use of Taiwan’s agricultural residues to enhance production and increase the value-added of domestically produced essential oils? This is what we’re working on,” Wang says.
Industry is working with academia to unlock the secrets of Taiwan’s flora, creating new opportunities for domestically produced essential oils.
Antrodia cinnamomea. (courtesy of Wang Sheng-yang)
Shell ginger (Alpinia zerumbet). (courtesy of Yang Chih-kai)
Taiwan red cypress (Chamaecyparis formosensis). (courtesy of Yang Chih-kai)