An endless dispute
A: When we wrote We Only Have This One Earth, some people criticized us as intellectuals only talking about soft things. I understood quite well that when it came to legislation we had no way to participate, and no real room to move. I felt that what we were doing was to keep beating the drum off to the side. For example, the four national parks were established at that time. If the national parks had not been set up at that time, given the current chaos in the Legislative Yuan, with so many interest groups, could they have even gotten through?
The establishment of the parks ten years ago at least fixed the task of protecting the environment of the upstream portions, such as the forest and water resources. I shouldn't really say that it marked the end of a stage, but I knew that in other areas like pollution prevention there was little we could accomplish. Because today environmental protection is involved with politics, sometimes it evolves into fierce political battles, so I no longer participate so actively in environmental work.
Q: Because the Three Gorges project is extremely complex, there are many different opinions pro and con. Those opposed accuse the political leaders of simply liking grandiose white elephants while ignoring the ecology and the overall interests of the nation. Those who approve say that the dam could resolve the eternal problem of flooding on the Yangtze, and feel that this enormous project would enable the country to become wealthy and strong, creating a chance to do something unparalleled in the world. Do the different views in Taiwan have any impact on the fact of the construction of the dam itself? What is your view of building a dam on the Yangtze?
A: In fact, what we say is useless. We understand quite clearly that there is nothing we can do except make a record for the Chinese in Taiwan and express concern about this affair. I'm powerless to do anything about what is done in the mainland, but I express my concern. Five or ten years from now they will discover that at least the people in Taiwan are not opposed to the Chinese Communists per se, but start off from the perspectives of humanitarianism and environmentalism in expressing their concern. I have no intention of achieving any political objective. I just want to leave a record and express my concern.
Big is beautiful?
Even if you're talking about the Three Gorges Environmental Impact Assessment Committee, they are under a pretty low ranking bureau. In terms of economic development, Chinese have always been fascinated with the Western idea that big is beautiful, that big is good.
In the philosophy the Chinese Communists have about environmental protection, assessments of the Three Gorges are all of a technical nature: How can things be moved? How much will all this cost? But there are many other implications: For example, the problem of moving the population out of the area that will be flooded by the dam is extremely serious. You have to build new housing, cut down lots of forest, and destroy the already weak ecology of the Three Gorges area. There will also be serious losses of water and soil. On these points there are strong arguments for and against. Dai Qing's book brought together the views of opponents of the project, and they found a little publisher in Kweichow and got the thing out in about ten days. The Chinese Communist authorities were very put out by this matter. She herself says that the reason she stays abroad is because of the Three Gorges thing.
I know that in Chungking, Chengtu, Wuhan, and other large cities they have brownouts and really need the power. But power generation should aim to minimize risks. You could build dams and power generating plants on the tributaries; you don't have to put all your eggs in one basket. With so many people in the mainland, there is definitely a shortage of electricity. But what about water? Ten years ago I said that Taiwan's problems were not in its population but in its water. That's because if there are a lot of people you can always build high-rises, but you can't transport in water and you can't buy it. The situation in the mainland is the same. For example, people in Shanghai do not want the dam to be built, because the quality of the water from the Suchow River there is already foul, and it is necessary to add vast amounts of chlorine and to filter it. The water problem will be even more serious after the dam is built.
A collective historical memory?
Q: Since the Three Gorges dam is going to be built, travel agencies in Taiwan have been appealing for customers with the theme of "say goodbye to the Yangtze." Do you have any suggestion for these people who want to go and enjoy the beauty of the Yangtze?
A: I would suggest to them not to go now. Right now the the living arrangements are very poor, and it often happens that there are two people stuffed into a room for one. Secondly, if you really do want to go, please don't spend all your time on the boat playing mahjong. Most of the tourists in the organized tours of the Yangtze are from Taiwan, and they look like a hive of bees trying to be fashionable. I think you should go after some time has passed, and make sure you have some preparation and understanding of the human environment on the Yangtze.
In fact, I think that no place in the world can compete with Taiwan's gorges, like the Taroko National Park.
If you go to the Three Gorges with great expectations, you might be disappointed. Right now you can only see mountains and greenery in the Little Three Gorges. In other places, there are some old artifacts along the banks, but they are really very mediocre. Another reason is that you're not taking one of those little rowboats, but a big paddle steamer, which certainly detracts from the majesty of nature. You can't get the feeling anymore of "passing ten thousand mountains in a light raft," as the old poets had it.
The natural environment in the mainland, because of overpopulation, after forty years of division is not really very much like the natural scenery depicted so glowingly in textbooks in Taiwan. The rivers and mountains of course still have their allure, but because of historical and emotional factors, if you long excessively for a fantasy, you will come back disappointed.
[Picture Caption]
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photo by Pu Hua-chih
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The winding Yangtze River supports vast amounts of life. (photo by Yang En-sheng)