Natural foes: Erosion and worms
The Huoyanshan Nature Reserve seeks two major goals: preserving the landforms and protecting the natural pine forest.
“Each year, Huoyanshan’s slopes retreat by 1.5 to 2.5 meters on average, with some parts receding by as much as three meters,” says Lin Jiun-chuan. Formed in 1986, his research team has observed erosion in Huoyanshan over the long term, and works with the Forestry Bureau to obtain aerial photos to build three-dimensional models so the receding slopes can be observed from many angles.
But will Huoyanshan vanish as a result of the erosion? According to Lin, material accumulating at the bottom of the slopes forms new piles of sediment, achieving a remarkable natural balance between erosion and growth. But human behavior may destroy this balance. Says Lin, “If the accumulated gravel sediment is dug up, Huoyanshan may well gradually disappear.” He stresses that the goal of setting up a nature reserve is to stop people from illegally extracting gravel so that the area can be returned to the control of natural mechanisms.
However, in 2002, a survey by a team from the Graduate Institute of Ecology at Providence University showed that Masson’s pine was facing extinction.
Ecologist Chen Zhengfeng remarks that damage from the invasive pine wood nematode (Bursaphelenchus xylophilus) was present in most of the area’s 192 Masson’s pines. Only 11 smaller trees had yet to exhibit signs of infection. In other words, 95% of the area’s Masson’s pines were infected.
Management standards for nature reserves are stricter than those of national parks: changes to a reserve’s natural state are prohibited and natural processes must be respected.
But wouldn’t that mean letting the pines go extinct?
To prevent this ice-age species from vanishing, the Forestry Bureau decided to gather seeds and build a genetic database to maintain the continued existence of the species, as well as attempt an outdoor planting program at Huoyanshan’s northeastern corner, with the caveat that the conservation principles of the nature reserve be should be respected.
Teeming with life
Huoyanshan is nourished by water vapor coming in from the north and the south. Areas on the north side that have not collapsed remain lush and green, but few people ever see it because they’re drawn by the spectacular terrain of the south side.
There are more than just low-elevation natural forests here; there are also artificial plantings of Taiwan acacia and tung oil trees. The endemic Oldham’s azalea (Rhododendron oldhamii) and the colorful umbrella dracaena (Dianella ensifolia) also add color to this wilderness.
Huoyanshan is also the primary habitat of the leopard cat (Prionailurus bengalensis), a protected animal. With their speed and agility, wild leopard cats are rarely captured on film, and infrared cameras set up in the Huoyanshan area may operate for a long time before recording a precious image.
Sanyi’s Huoyanshan seems like a barren landscape, but behind this façade it teems with life. Perhaps Mother Earth wants to use its fiery appearance to protect her precious children from wanton human destruction.