Cornucopia of literary fruits
Witi Ihimaera is the world’s most famous Maori writer. His novels The Whale Rider, Nights in the Garden of Spain, and Medicine Woman have all been turned into films.
Maori identity is one of the main themes of Ihimaera’s novels. Now 71, he has been occupied in recent years with writing his memoirs. The first volume, Māori Boy: A Memoir of Childhood, was published at the end of last year. In New Zealand’s literary realm, Ihimaera counts as a senior figure. Then there’s 80-year-old Joy Cowley, who has won international renown in the field of children’s literature. Cowley’s “Greedy Cat,” “Snake and Lizard” and other series have been translated into Chinese and published in Taiwan.
New Zealand authors write in numerous genres. In recent years New Zealand’s leading crime writer Paul Cleave has become quite well known in international book markets, regarded as an equal to the great contemporary Scandinavian crime writers. Christchurch serves as the backdrop for his novels. Since 2006, when he published The Cleaner, his first book, he has published eight novels, all bestsellers. Among the translations into more than 15 languages are Chinese versions of The Cleaner and Blood Men published in Taiwan. A translation of Collecting Cooper is being rushed into print for TIBE.
Since several authors are speaking at TIBE’s New Zealand pavilion, Taiwan readers won’t find it hard to get a first impression of New Zealand literature.
But if you want to advance your understanding of New Zealand literature, Chen Jung-hsuan, assistant professor of applied foreign languages at Takming University of Science and Technology, who earned her PhD in comparative literature at the University of Auckland, suggests starting with the classics.
These include works by authors such as Frank Sargeson (1903–1982), Katherine Mansfield (1888–1923) and Janet Frame (1924–2004), as well as current writers such as Kapka Kassabova and Albert Wendt, a poet of Samoan heritage.
New Zealand is an immigrant society, and strictly speaking, everyone apart from the Maori are immigrants. Consequently, when you talk about New Zealand literature, you can’t avoid talking about immigration. Chen explains that the experience of the two world wars prompted the early white immigrants to reconsider and redefine their relationship to the Maori. That repositioning was reflected in their literature—the “Pakeha literature” of the postwar era.
For instance, Sargeson is a writer of European extraction born on the North Island. When he writes about daily life, although he isn’t overtly prejudiced, he nonetheless still reveals a white male perspective.
Mansfield, Frame and Kassabova are three women writers with distinct sensibilities. Mansfield and Frame, Chen says, write about the tribulations and confinements of marriage and family. On the other hand Kassabova, who was born in Bulgaria, writes about the struggles of immigrants to adapt to their new home and about the nuances of the immigrant state of mind that “both seeks identification as a New Zealander and simultaneously resists it.”
Questions about status and identity are also important themes in works by overseas Chinese writers in New Zealand. Kevin Chapman, previous president of the Publishers Association of New Zealand and project director of New Zealand’s “guest of honor” pavilion at the Taiwan International Book Exhibition, describes Alison Wong, a third-generation Chinese New Zealander, as representative. Her novel As the Earth Turns Silver and her poetry collection Cup are meditations on ethnic identification and the status of immigrants in New Zealand society.
The Whale Rider author Witi Ihimaera has completed the first volume of his memoirs: Māori Boy: A Memoir of Childhood.