Crystal tung is a type of Shou-shan stone found in the sea. Glossy and transparent, crystal tung is not as hard as true crystal, thus being most suitable for engraving Chinese seals. As the stone is vulnerable to cracking and yellowing, perfect transparent specimens are rare and valuable.
There is a flawless crystal tung seal in the collection of Li Ch'i-mao, the artist and collector who has introduced various types of Chinese seals in Sinorama. The seal was a gift from a fellow artist. Gifts of stone seals traditionally carry wishes for prosperity and longevity.
Seal collecting began in the Sung Dynasty. Jade, gold and silver seals were prized by emperors and officials while the more numerous copper seals were collected by commoners. Quality of material as well as beauty of engraving contributed to a seal's value.
By the Ming dynasty, seals carved in soft stones had come to replace the less durable copper stones which were subject to rust and corrosion, rendering the characters illegible. Particularly fashionable among literary men, they were collected with great fervor in the Ching Dynasty.
Proper care of a seal stone involves wiping it off after using, and periodically cleaning it with a soft brush and water. The seal can be stored in a wooden or cloth box to protect it from scratching. A Chinese seal must also be 'cultivated' by frequent rubbing and handling, or polishing with liquid wax, which adds to its smooth luster.
With such attentions, seals like Li's lustrous crystal tung can be preserved for generations to come.
(Jill Ardourel)
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