Dharma through culture
Editing a voluminous arts encyclopedia requires vast amounts of effort and funding, so why did Fo Guang Shan come up with this idea?
Fung Ming-chu, director of the National Palace Museum (NPM) in Taipei, has taken part in the editing of many great works in her nearly 30 years at the museum, such as the Siku Quanshu (“Complete Library in Four Branches of Literature”) and the Tibetan Dragon Sutra. The original copies of these tomes can be referenced, but there are few authoritative works available for reference on the Buddhist arts. Fo Guang Shan’s attitude of “If we don’t do it, who will?” is admirable indeed.
Fo Guang Shan founder Venerable Master Hsing Yun, who has upheld his philosophy of “propagating the Dharma through culture” for over 70 years, visited Dunhuang and the Yungang Grottoes in China, Borobudur in Java, and the Shwedagon Pagoda in Rangoon, Myanmar, in his younger years. From this he gained a profound appreciation of the contributions of Buddhist culture in world civilization. Hoping to spread the word, he long ago came up with the idea of compiling a Buddhist arts dictionary.
Master Hsing Yun’s disciple Dharma Master Ju Chang completed her studies at Fo Guang University’s Graduate Institute of Art in 2001. Thereupon Master Hsing Yun asked her, “What do you wish to do in the future?” She replied, “I would like to compile a Buddhist arts encyclopedia.” Eventually, the simple aspiration of this art-trained nun, plus some karma, saw the completion of the encyclopedia.
In 2004, the work of editing the encyclopedia faced a major hurdle. Due to differing academic viewpoints over such issues as the dating of various works of Buddhist architecture and the definitions of important terminology, some people even suggested that Fo Guang Shan should abandon the project. But later, with the help and participation of Luo Shiping, art history professor of the China Central Academy of Fine Arts in Beijing, as well as many mainland Chinese graduate students, professors and experts in art history who joined in the writing and review process, the editorial difficulties were gradually resolved.
Says NPM director Fung, in art history, numerous soul-stirring works of art were conceived and accomplished because of religious zeal. Buddhism is one of the best religions when it comes to expressing religious ideas through art. The content of the books covers Buddhism’s origins in India, its spread throughout Asia, and its different manifestations developed through intermixing with local cultures, such as Chinese Buddhism and Tibetan Buddhism. Its breadth and depth make it a full introduction to Buddhist art.
This statue of a bodhisattva at Huayan Temple in Datong, Shanxi Province, is 365 centimeters tall and 975 years old.